The Science Behind HarmonEyes

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in oculomotor functioning between Olympic-level contact and non-contact sports participants. In total, 67 male and female Olympic-level contact (n=27) and non-contact (n=40) athletes completed oculomotor tasks, including Horizontal Saccade (HS), Circular Smooth Pursuit (CSP), Horizontal Smooth Pursuit (HSP), and Vertical Smooth Pursuit (VSP) using a remote eye tracker.

This study aimed to identify when and how eye movements change across the human lifespan to benchmark developmental biomarkers. The sample size comprised 45,696 participants, ranging in age from 6 to 80 years old (M = 30.39; SD = 17.46). Participants completed six eye movement tests: Circular Smooth Pursuit, Horizontal Smooth Pursuit, Vertical Smooth Pursuit, Horizontal Saccades, Vertical Saccades, and Fixation Stability. These tests examined all four major eye movements (fixations, saccades, pursuits, and vergence) using 89 eye-tracking algorithms.

The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of eye-tracking enabled 9-Point Motor Function Test and to determine the validity of the eye-tracking system compared with a traditional Cover Test (CT). Fifty participants between the ages of 19-61 years were tested by a veteran Board-Certified Optometrist using the RightEye 9-Point Motor Function Test (MFT; eye tracking test) and a Cover Test. Participants completed both the 9-Point MFT and the Cover Test in random order and completed the 9-Point MFT test twice to assess test-retest reliability. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s Alpha (CA). Overall reliability was acceptable to excellent per statistical standards.

Automated eye tracking could be used to evaluate saccade performance of patients with concussion history, providing quantitative insights about the degree of oculomotor impairment and potential vision rehabilitation strategies for this patient population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the saccade performance of patients with concussion history based on automated eye-tracking test results.

Saccades appear to be a reliable measure of brain dysfunction following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Four subjects were chosen at random having a history of traumatic brain injury and active symptomatology. Trauma and chronic stresses are potentially associated with certain distortion patterns of the pelvis and cranium in the Sacro Occipital Technic® Methods (SOT™) of chiropractic and Chiropractic Craniopathy.

Chronic low-level blast exposure has been linked with neurological alterations and traumatic brain injury (TBI) biomarkers. Impaired smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are often associated with TBI. The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term operators of low-level blast exposure or high-caliber weapons use displayed oculomotor behaviors that differed from controls.

The perinatal temporal window is a highly vulnerable time in which environmental factors, such as nutrients, drugs, infections, chemicals, and stress, experienced by the mother can be communicated to the offspring and produce lasting consequences on the newborn brain. Eye tracking is a non-invasive method used to understand these changes.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries (mTBI) can lead to visual processing deficits, including decreased visual acuity, visual field impairment, eye movement dysfunction- including vergence, saccadic, smooth pursuit movements, and an increase in mental workload during visual tasks. The purpose of this project was to examine the relationship between brain activity and visual-motor deficit in participants with a recent mTBI compared to healthy controls.

This volume explores the latest eye-tracking methodologies that help researchers understand the background, methods, and applications involved in these studies.

The purpose of this project is to determine if a series of oculomotor measures can predict batting and bowling performance in professional cricket players.

Deficits in smooth-pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are often associated with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Eye tracking tests serve as a quick objective clinical tool to assess such predictive visual tracking. In this study, SPEM was assessed along circular, horizontal and vertical trajectories in adolescents with concussion and age-matched controls.

A retrospective clinical review of pupillary light reflex. Results show differences in age, gender and concussion status.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of clear central apertures of different diameters with a defocused retinal periphery, using a range of visual performance tasks. The finding has important applications for spectacle and contact lens designs to optimize myopia.

Provides practical clinical implementations that overcome inherent challenges related to dependence on a baseline. This article establishes normative reference data sets.

Combination of circular smooth pursuit assessment and neuronal activity in the alpha frequency have the potential to be a successful diagnostic tool for TBIs.

Examines oculomotor training exercises for poor saccadic eye movements. Includes neurobehavioral symptoms pre and post-treatment.

Compares persons with and without concussion after the acute injury period. Classification accuracy of clinically important discriminator eye-tracking (ET) metrics. 6 eye-tracking measures that reflect slowed visual reaction time had a combined sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 92.6% for discriminating between the groups

Examines fixation stability in pediatric patients with mTBI versus age-matched controls.

Head and neck position induced by statically maintained head turns is associated with lower stability scores than the standardized head neutral position of the mCTSIB in Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) subjects but not in healthy controls. Head positions of the neutral plane provide biomarkers that differentiate subjects suffering from PCS from healthy normal subjects.

Explains how the combined measurement of saccades, smooth pursuit, fixations, and reaction time represent a biomarker for differentiating pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury compared to age-matched controls.

RightEye tests predict discipline at the plate for Major League Baseball athletes.

Shows differences between Major League Baseball, amateur prospects, and non-athletes in visual speed of gaze.

Examines vertical smooth pursuit test to screen patients with mTBI compared with age-matched controls.

[Conference Presentation] Shows how better visual abilities predict O-Swing and Z-Swing propensity.

[Conference Presentation] New eye-tracking technology, such as RightEye, offers an objective, reliable and quantifiable way of differentiating between individuals with different severities of TBI, and those without a TBI.

Examines using eye-tracking tests to measure horizontal and vertical saccades as a marker of damage to neural circuits associated with TBI.

[Conference Presentation] The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of oculomotor behavior metrics in healthy individuals, to determine the normative values through cluster analysis, and to compare oculomotor behavior metrics by age groups in a suite of digitized eye-tracking tests.

[Conference Presentation] Major League Baseball players have faster eye movements in down and horizontal gaze directions compared with amateur prospects. There are not differences in upward gaze.

This article discusses reliability and normative data across many of the RightEye tests.

Examination if prior biped tennis playing experience results in different visual search strategies for wheelchair tennis athletes.

Examines if differences occur in Interpupillary Distance (IPD) and Pupil Diameter (PD) between professional baseball players and non-athletes.

Examination of visual and motor reaction time in athletes, non-athletes, and those with concussion.