Motion Sickness

​Model Development Process and Results

Motion Sickness:

Motion Sickness is caused by a conflict between the sensory inputs received by the brain. When the inner ear, which controls balance, sends signals that are different from what the eyes see or the body feels, it can result in motion sickness (Golding, 2016). The primary symptoms of motion sickness include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sweating, and a general feeling of discomfort. Motion sickness can occur in any environment in which the senses are in conflict, including virtual reality, mixed reality, simulations, cars, planes, boats, roller coasters, even large TV displays (Kato, Kazuhito, Kitazaki, Satoshi, 2008, Keshavarz & Hecht, 2011).

Eye Tracking: Eye tracking is a sensitive, quantifiable, accurate real-time measure of motion sickness via eye responses such as changes in the convergence (Islam, Desai, Quarles, 2022a; Islam, Desai, Quarles, 2022b), blinking (Lopes, Tian, Boulic, 2020), pupil (Islam, Desai, Quarles, 2022a; Lopes, Tian, Boulic, 2020) and other eye movements (e.g. Islam, Desai, Quarles, 2022; Kundu, Islam, Quarles, Hoque, 2023).

HarmonEyes uses the eye tracking signal, machine learning and AI to answer the following questions related to motion sickness:

  1. What is your current level of motion sickness?
    1. Low Motion Sickness: little or no awareness of stomach problems, general discomfort or nausea.
    2. Moderate Motion Sickness: some awareness of any of the following symptoms: stomach problems, general discomfort, disorientation or nausea.
    3. High Motion Sickness: stomach problems, general discomfort, disorientation, feelings of nausea. Frank sickness may include vomiting.
  2. When will motion sickness level change? This assumes the same activity is engaged in without intervention.
    1. Predicted future motion sickness level:
      1. Low
      2. Moderate
      3. High
    2. Time to reach future state:
      1. Minutes and seconds
      2. Milliseconds
    3. Likelihood window:
      1. Ceiling level: defined as the average root mean squared error plus one standard deviation.
      2. Floor level: defined as the average root mean squared error minus one standard deviation.
    4. Probability (%):
      1. current level of motion sickness
      2. other levels of motion sickness